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When the temperature of the pipeline conveying medium or the environment in which the pipeline is located changes, the thermal expansion and contraction of the pipeline caused by the temperature is inevitable. If the method is not used to compensate for the size change, high stress will be generated in the pipe wall and transmitted through the pipeline to the fixed pipe frame or equipment. When the temperature difference exceeds a certain range, the temperature difference stress is greater than the stress range that the pipe can withstand, then the compensation issue is considered.

In the design of pipe system compensation, natural compensation is economical. Natural compensation uses the flexibility of the natural curved shape of the pipe to compensate for thermal displacement. Obviously, the ability of natural compensation is limited. When natural compensation cannot be required, expansion joints should usually be considered.

The loads on the pipe system are mainly external loads (the weight of the pipeline and the flowing medium, internal pressure, wind load, seismic load, etc.) and displacement loads. The purpose of setting up the pipe frame is to carry the external force acting on the equipment or pipeline, and the complex pipe system can be separated into relatively simple shapes, independently expanded pipe sections, and good use of expansion joints.The purpose of setting up the expansion joint is to absorb the thermal deformation that the pipe itself cannot absorb and minimize the displacement load.

Universal compensator installation requirements：

1.The installation of the universal compensator should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the pipe system construction drawing and the installation instructions of the compensator.

2.The pipeline for installing the universal compensator compensator can only be properly guided and fixed to make the compensator work. Therefore, the setting of the guide and fixing bracket is strictly in accordance with the relevant technical information of the design department.

3.The bellows used for general-purpose compensators are formed from thin-walled stainless steel plates, so during transportation, hoisting, and welding, care should be taken not to damage the bellows due to percussion, scratches, arcs, welding splashes, etc.

4.The universal compensator should be clear of foreign objects in the bellows and pipes before installation, and the bellows should move normally.

5.For general-purpose compensators with flow direction requirements, they should be installed according to the requirements of the medium flow direction arrow.

6.In order to keep the bellows in good working condition, the deformation of the compensator, including axial, transverse, torsional and other deformation, cannot be used during installation to correct the installation error of the pipe system position.

7.After the universal compensator is installed, all yellow-painted transportation fixed screws must be removed before the system is operated.